Documenta11:
Social laboratory

The multidisciplinary project Distributive Justice participated in the Documenta11 show in Kassel in Germany from June 8 to September 15, 2002.
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Documenta is held every five years and is one of the significant exhibition of contemporary art. Visitors had the opportunity to familiarize themselves with all the important elements of the project, the results obtained up to that point as well as the results of their own participation. Some of these elements could be followed (and developed) on the Internet, and some in the real space of the exhibit itself.

The space in which the project was presented was organized as a "social laboratory" divided into six points. This method of installing the project in its entirety is applied at exhibitions where gallery and organizational conditions allow for this. (This was done for the first time at the Young Artists Biennale Big Torino in Italy in April and May of 2002). By following the signs in the space, visitors are included in various activities tied in with the theme of the project: just distribution of common goods in society.

At Point 0 the visitor-participant signs in their basic details, receives a username and password.
At Point 1 they can start the game of distribution of common goods on the Internet (money, freedom, status in society, possibilities for advancement, public services, satisfaction). Players are asked to distribute these goods in such a manner that is, according to their understanding, the closest with the principles of justice. For the duration of Documenta11, 3140 participants passed through all the phases of this game (it takes 10 minutes to complete).
The results of the game are the following:
Minimal state: 15.43%   Meritocracy: 25.52%   Social Welfare: 22.22%   Communism: 24.65%   Strict egalitarianism: 12.18%

At Point 2 the visitors fill out a printed questionnaire in which they write in their replies regarding their own social status, their thoughts on the status of social justice in their own country, desired models of just distribution and similar. The filled-out questionnaires are then dropped in a box. At the Documenta11 show around 2500 visitors filled out questionnaires on-site. The results are available on the link Statistics -> Germany
Questionnaires were also filled out online (via the Internet) for the duration of the exhibition (around 1700 completed questionnaires). One of the interesting results from the on-line questionnaires comes from the replies on the justness of distribution in one's own society. Up to the close of the exhibition in Torino 25% of the respondents evaluated their own society as being just, and 75% as being unjust. During the exhibition in Kassel, this relation changed visibly: the number of those who evaluated their own society as just increased to 38%, while 62% of the replies contained the evaluation of an "unjust society".
The greatest number of votes for a "society with good (just) social politics" went to Sweden. This was followed by The Netherlands and Denmark, and then Germany, Finland and Norway.

At Point 3 the visitors become involved in yet one more game on the Internet in which they can uncover their "distributive profile", that is, how close their understandings of justice are to some of the more known theories of distributive justice. During the duration of the exhibition in Kassel 895 visitors played this game.
The results were the following:
Rawls: 19%   Dworkin: 22%   Right-wing libertarianism: 5%   Left-wing libertarianism: 9%   Utilitarianism: 13%   Pluralism: 17%   Strict egalitarianism: 15%

Point 4 enabled the inclusion into discussions on an online forum along with viewing of the remaining elements of the project on the Internet.

At Point 5 visitors were able to list through a printed version of the Distributive Justice Newsletter and request a copy for themselves. For the Documenta11 exhibition, issue no. 1 of the Newsletter was printed in English and German, with sections on the development of the project to date along with texts (essays and articles) that further elaborated on the themes opened up within the project itself. Issue no. 1 of the Newsletter can be found on the Internet. More>
A previous pilot issue was also published both in print and electronic format in English and Italian for the Big Torino 2002exhibition. More>

Visitors also had access to books in German, English, Croatian and Italian that give in-depth analyses on the issue of distributive justice. At this point the process of public participation ends, and the visitors return to the computer and printer at the starting point, Point 0, and type in their username and password and print out:
- their own results from the two games;
- a comparison of these results with the total results of all games played;
- a general text on the type of society their results most closely resemble;
- a general text on the theory which their results in the game come closest to.

video and DVD interviews
An integral part of the project is comprised of interviews carried out with people from various professions and social strata in various countries. Their testimonies on the state and development of distributive justice, on their personal experiences and feelings are available on video and DVD recordings, video-excerpts on the Internet, and selected parts in the Newsletter. Visitors of the exhibit were able to obtain an insight into the interviews carried out to the beginning of June 2002 in Sweden, Denmark, Italy, Croatia and New Zealand.
Those being interviewed were always asked the same questions:

1. How fair is your society? What would you change?
2. What are the best and the worst things about it?
3. Have you had opportunities in life?
4. What changes have you seen?
5. Are you optimistic about the future?
6. Are there other societies that are more socially just?

Visitors were given the opportunity to select a question and then the interviewed person whom they wished to answer that particular question. (The country which the interviewed person came from and their occupation was listed.) The interviews were organized by countries on the Web.  More>

discussion with philosophers
An open discussion entitled "Distributive Justice: Good Old Theories and Bad Practice" was held on June 19, 2002 in the installation space of the project Distributive Justice. The discussion gathered together the authors of the project itself, philosophers and other experts from the fields of social sciences and close to one hundred visitors of the exhibition. More>

publication: project guide
The publication "Distributive Justice - Project Guide" was especially prepared and published for the duration of the exhibition and made available to visitors from the beginning of July to the closing of the Documenta11 exhibition on September 15, 2002. The publication was designed to familiarize visitors with not only the project in its entirety but also with its individual segments. In this way, we wanted to make the movement through the installation space at the show easier for visitors and to help them in becoming involved in those parts which were independent of the installation space itself: in the interactive parts on the Internet, in discussions in other spaces and in the interviews. The publication also offers an insight into the process of the emergence and development of the project and its results to date including those generated during the first month of the presentation at Documenta11.